Create a Tabbed Interface Using jQuery
Tutorial Details
- Difficulty: Intermediate
- Completion Time: 1 Hour
Creating tabbed interfaces suddenly becomes a piece-of-cake when using the Tabs function in the jQuery UI library. It can be utilized to create completely unique interfaces without having to be a coding God – using only one line of code!
Step 1 – The Basics
In order to create our jQuery effects later in this tutorial, you will first need
the latest jQuery library, and
jQuery UI with the ‘Core’ and ‘Tabs’ elements. If you’d prefer, you can
take these files from this tutorial’s source files.
Place these two files in a directory on your server. Also create the following files:
- index.html
- style.css
- sprinkle.js
index.html will be for your HTML, style.css for the page styling
in CSS and sprinkle.js for our jQuery animations.
Inside index.html, lets open the document:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>jQuery UI Tabs Demo</title> <link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="jquery-1.2.6.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="jquery-ui-personalized-1.5.2.packed.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="sprinkle.js"></script> </head> <body> </body> </html>
Here, we set our DOCType to XHTML 1 Transitional, and import our CSS and JS files.
Be sure to change ‘jquery-1.2.6.min.js’ and ‘jquery-ui-personalized-1.5.2.packed.js’
if your jQuery files have a different file name.
Part A – ‘Vanilla’ Tabbed UI
This is one of the most common uses for a tabbed interface:
Step a.1 – The HTML
Between the <body> tags in our index file, type the following:
<div id="tabvanilla" class="widget">
<ul class="tabnav">
<li><a href="#popular">Popular</a></li>
<li><a href="#recent">Recent</a></li>
<li><a href="#featured">Featured</a></li>
</ul>
<div id="popular" class="tabdiv">
<ul>
<li><a href="#">Welsh Zombie Sheep Invasion</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Sheep Rising From The Dead</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Blogosphere Daily Released!</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Aliens Infiltrate Army Base In UK Town</a></li>
<li><a href="#">U2 Rocks New York's Central Park</a></li>
<li><a href="#">TA Soldiers Wear Uniforms To Work</a></li>
<li><a href="#">13 People Rescued From Flat Fire</a></li>
<li><a href="#">US Troops Abandon Afghan Outpost</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Are We Alone? A Look Into Space</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Apple iPhone 3G Released</a></li>
</ul>
</div><!--/popular-->
<div id="recent" class="tabdiv">
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.</p>
</div><!--/recent-->
<div id="featured" class="tabdiv">
<ul>
<li><a href="#">Aliens Infiltrate Army Base In UK Town</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Are We Alone? A Look Into Space</a></li>
<li><a href="#">U2 Rocks New York's Central Park</a></li>
<li><a href="#">TA Soldiers Wear Uniforms To Work</a></li>
<li><a href="#">13 People Rescued From Flat Fire</a></li>
<li><a href="#">US Troops Abandon Afghan Outpost</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Sheep Rising From The Dead</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Blogosphere Daily Released!</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Apple iPhone 3G Released</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Welsh Zombie Sheep Invasion</a></li>
</ul>
</div><!--featured-->
</div><!--/widget-->
We begin by opening a DIV element with the ID of ‘tabvanilla’ and class of ‘widget’.
The ID will be used by jQuery in order to identify the area it should effect, and
the class is there for ease-of-use when styling.
Next is an unordered list with the Class of ‘tabnav’. The list contains the three
different tab names, each with a link in the style of “#xxxxx”. This is important
as these will be the IDs of the sections following.
The following div has an ID of ‘popular’, this matches with the link in the tabs
above. A ‘recent’ and ‘featured’ DIV is also included. These sections are what will
be shown/hidden by jQuery when the corresponding link it selected.
Depending on what content you have, you should have something like this:
Let’s make it look a little nicer, shall we?
Step a.2 – Styling
Add the following to your style.css file. It will be explained below.
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
body {
font-size: 75%;
color: #222;
background: #ffffff;
font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
line-height: 1.6em;
}
.widget {
width: 310px;
margin: 20px;
padding: 10px;
background: #f3f1eb;
border: 1px solid #dedbd1;
margin-bottom: 15px;
}
.widget a {
color: #222;
text-decoration: none;
}
.widget a:hover {
color: #009;
text-decoration: underline;
}
.tabnav li {
display: inline;
list-style: none;
padding-right: 5px;
}
.tabnav li a {
text-decoration: none;
text-transform: uppercase;
color: #222;
font-weight: bold;
padding: 4px 6px;
outline: none;
}
.tabnav li a:hover, .tabnav li a:active, .tabnav li.ui-tabs-selected a {
background: #dedbd1;
color: #222;
text-decoration: none;
}
.tabdiv {
margin-top: 2px;
background: #fff;
border: 1px solid #dedbd1;
padding: 5px;
}
.tabdiv li {
list-style-image: url("star.png");
margin-left: 20px;
}
.ui-tabs-hide {
display: none;
}
- * – Removes browser-set defaults for margins & padding.
- body – Adds some basic text styling.
- .widget – – A little bit of colour for distinguishing
the Tab areaa. - .widget a – Link styling.
- .tabnav li – Displays the list in a ‘inline’ (horizontal)
manner. Gives a bit of padding between them. - .tabnav li a – This helps the tabs stand out from any
other content. - .tabdiv – Gives the ‘content’ section a bit more style
to separate it from the tabs. - .tabdiv li – Adds a custom image for lists inside the
‘content’ area. The star.png file can be downloaded from this tutorial’s
source files. - .ui-tabs-hide – jQuery will apply a class of ‘ui-tabs-hide’
to div’s not in use. This sets it so they will not display when jQuery tells it
to.
You should now have something like the following:
It’s not going to win any design awards, but it’s the functionality we’re interested
in; so let’s dive into the jQuery.
Step a.3 – A Sprinkle of jQuery
Basically, jQuery allows the user to change the styling of elements on the page
in real-time. So in our case, we want jQuery to hide all elements inside of ‘div#tabvanilla’
except the one which corresponds with the tab which has been selected.
Open sprinkle.js and insert the following:
$(document).ready(function() {
$('#tabvanilla > ul').tabs({ fx: { height: 'toggle', opacity: 'toggle' } });
});
THAT’S IT! But what does it mean?
$(document).ready(function() {
This line says “When the document is ready, do the following…” – ‘ready’
means when the very basics of the page has loaded (ie. Just the raw html); it will
not wait for images and video like if you used ‘onload’ instead.
$('#tabvanilla > ul').tabs({ fx: { height: 'toggle', opacity: 'toggle' } });
This tells the browser to look out of a ul list inside of an element
with the ID of tabvanilla, and to use the tabs
function to interact with. We also define two animation effects (fx:)
– toggling the height and opacity. This will cause the area to “fade and slide”
when switching tabs.
Give it a try. You should now have something similar to the image below; with a
smooth animation when switching tabs.
Part B – Video Selector
This is where you can really see bigger effects done using the same code. Next,
we’ll create a simple ‘Video Selector’ that can been seen in quite a few WordPress
templates recently.
Step b.1 – The HTML
Following on from the previous interface, add the following in your index.html
file.
<div id="featuredvid" class="widget">
<div class="fvid" id="vid-1">
<object width="270" height="152"> <param name="allowfullscreen" value="true" /> <param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always" /> <param name="movie" value="http://www.vimeo.com/moogaloop.swf?clip_id=1211060&server=www.vimeo.com&show_title=1&show_byline=1&show_portrait=0&color=00ADEF&fullscreen=1" /> <embed src="http://www.vimeo.com/moogaloop.swf?clip_id=1211060&server=www.vimeo.com&show_title=1&show_byline=1&show_portrait=0&color=00ADEF&fullscreen=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" allowscriptaccess="always" width="270" height="152"></embed></object>
</div>
<div class="fvid" id="vid-2">
<object width="270" height="219"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/gPwmG3VuO_E&hl=en&fs=1"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/gPwmG3VuO_E&hl=en&fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" width="270" height="219"></embed></object>
</div>
<div class="fvid" id="vid-3">
<object width="270" height="219"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/p86BPM1GV8M&hl=en&fs=1"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/p86BPM1GV8M&hl=en&fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" width="270" height="219"></embed></object>
</div>
<ul class="vidselector">
<li><a href="#vid-1"><span>Where The Hell Is Matt? (2008)</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#vid-2"><span>Clint Eastwood's The Office</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#vid-3"><span>Pale Blue Dot</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div><!--/featuredvid-->
We begin by creating another ‘.widget’ div, but this time with the ID of ‘featuredvid’
(it’s important it has a different ID, as this is what jQuery uses to distinguish
tab sections from each other).
Next, we have three ‘.fvid’ divs with their own unique IDs. Inside each, is the
embed code for a video.
Finally, at the bottom is our ‘.vidselector’ list which will act as our Tabs. As
in the previous example, each list item’s link corresponds with one of the div’s
IDs.
You should have something similar to this:
Step b.2 – Styling
In the style.css file, following on from the CSS in our previous example,
insert the following:
#featuredvid {
text-align: center;
}
.fvid {
margin-bottom: 5px;
}
.vidselector li {
text-align: left;
list-style: none;
padding: 5px;
background: #ffffff;
border: 1px solid #dedbd1;
text-transform: uppercase;
margin-bottom: 5px;
}
- .vidselector li – Creates the boxed effect for the video
link to go in.
Step b.3 – A Sprinkle of jQuery
Inside sprinkle.js, add the following before the line containing });
from the previous example.
$('#featuredvid > ul').tabs();
This tells your browser to use the tabs function to interact with the ul list inside
the #featuredvid element. We aren’t defining any animation effects this time as
due to the nature of the content in these boxes (video), effects tend not to work
very well.
One problem that occurs with this effect is that Internet Explorer will not pause
the video in a tab when you switch to another – causing the sound to continue playing
the background. This does not happen in Firefox, Opera or Safari.
Summary
Hopefully this tutorial has shown you that much more can be done with basic jQuery
functions than you initially thought. Check
out the official documentation for jQuery UI/Tabs.
Both these effects have been incorporated into CocoaNews – the
first in a family of WordPress themes from vivaWP
coming mid-August.
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